In the upcoming NYC mayoral race, Zohran Mamdani labels himself as a democratic socialist, championing the disillusioned working class over the traditional Democratic establishment. Some of his campaign promises include free child care for all families, rent freezes on all rent stabilized apartments (almost half of NYC apartments are rent stabilized), and redirecting funding from police to mental health workers
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In contrast, Andrew Cuomo presents himself as a steady, pragmatic moderate with deep experience. Some of his campaign promises include expanding eligibility for childcare subsidies, building more affordable housing units, and increasing the size of the NYPD.


A passive conception of love is the belief that love is something that happens to you rather than something you actively do, emphasizing becoming lovable over practicing love. An active conception of love is the belief that love must be pursued, treating it as something that requires effort to find.

A gig economy describes a labor market where freelance or short-term contracts are common. Independent contractors fill these roles in verbal or written agreements, and receive paid compensation. Examples include: online tutors, delivery drivers, freelance programming, hired househelp, etc.

In certain religious faiths, individuals are taught practices of abstaining from pleasure to strengthen their spiritual will. This includes fasting, Lent/Ramadan, and sacrificing material goods.

In-Yeon (인연) is a Korean concept roughly translating to “fate” or “connection across lifetimes.”

It’s the belief that every encounter between people, even fleeting ones, is the result of countless prior connections in past lives, and that these meetings carry deep significance.

For the purposes of this debate, revolutionary paramilitary groups are insurgent organizations that use force to achieve their political motives, which often include claims to social justice and self-determination. Examples of revolutionary paramilitary groups include the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC) that aimed to establish a socialist state, as well as the Irish Republican Army (IRA) that aspired to end British rule in Northern Ireland.

Nihilism is the philosophical view that life lacks inherent meaning, purpose, or objective value.

For the purposes of this debate, human-AI relations describes a relationship between humans and artificially intelligent entities (i.e. robots, androids, LLMs) that identically parallel relations between humans (i.e. friendship, attraction, trust). An example of human-AI relations include a recently viral video of children playing sports with a humanoid robot in China.

RobSpear is a technology that allows individuals to choose to sacrifice a duration of their lifespan for a substantial amount of wealth relative to their socioeconomic status. This technology can be used at any point in an individual's life given their consent, and the amount of lifespan sacrificed is proportional to the wealth demanded. An individual dies immediately after using RobSpear if they demand too much wealth relative to both their lifespan and socioeconomic status.